Means for making bushings and the like



NG BUsHxNGs AND THE LIKE d April 19, 1921.- 2 sheets-sheet 1 glvntor. y

M (ym MM@ July 6 1926. 1,591,389

J. W. I EIGHTONv MEANS FOR MAKING BUSHINGS AND THE LIKE Filed April 19 1921 2 lsheets-sha1 2 l l l I 6 5 1? U 18 14 18 H TZ 5 6 n fnv/19H5.

P ateintedr'July 6,

f Jenn4 WYCLFELEIGHTQN,oFMARY'svILnE; IVIICHIG'Aivf.`

. In'nans Foa rIAKiNeBUsH-nesnnn THELIKE;

y apiication med April 19, 1321.Y seriai No. masas.

The principal objects yof thisinv'ention 'Y are, to produce metal bushings or the like inwhich the texture `of the metal is rendered hard and wear resisting and capable ofgwith# standing very heavy service.A s

, A further'object is to produce lby'asingle mechanical operation `a-bearing having Aits internal and externalV sinffaces concentric,

therebyfreducing the costi-of production to the minimum. f Y v v 'The principal feature of the invention con# slsts 'in closing a die of' radially separable Vsegments around ajpu-nchvand a roughtubu-v lar blankto hold themA in truelaxial alignment, the' diameter ofl thev punch Lbeing Y greater than vrthe diameter ot 'theV hole lthroupqh. the blanlnftheu forcing-the Vpunch.

into vthe blank so that theme/tal ,is-subjected to a radial compressive jforcejappliedl progressively, said lpunchv 'maintaining fa uni- Y n e blocks are providedwith radial. vducts 21` form Contact with the bushing and holding the metalunder compression as'it advances.

In the' drawings, Figure l1f' is aneleva,

tional part sectional vie of.V the tools-for makingthe bushing'. Y l

Figure 2 isfafplan view' of thestructure vshown -inFigurell'j f Figure 3 is'Vv a horizontal sectional view through thestructure lon the line y e p K the dieseetions 14.'f Thedies.are-thusjmoved l upwardlyl and outwardly clear of the anvil Figure'l. l Y. Figurel is aside elevational view,

In my (zo-pending application, VSerial No;

425,287 for method of manufacturing bush- Y ings and similar articles, I described amethod wherein the blank is subjectedto a compressive force applied progressively, the tool holding the metal under compressionaslit advances and the'pres'ent application Vem-y bodies the same process but is directed to means for carrying itinto effect.

In the forml of the invention herein shown 'a base 1 is secured to the bedv plate 2 of asuitable press and supports a circular anvil 3 centrally7 arranged.V At either Vside the base 1v is formed with jaws 4 in which the links 5 are carried-upon horizontal pivot pins 6. The press used is of the double ram type and securedtothe outer ram 7 is a plate 8 Y to which are secured theside guides? forme;`

ing the transverse slideways 1 0. f Within the slideways .10 are slidably supported the blocks 11 which are recessed to receive'the inner ends of the links band which y'arefpivotally V'connected by means ot the link pins 12. .Y

A pair of blocks 13 are securedto the i'lli.V

are recessed.,toreceivethe die-vsectionsyl4,

the' blocks'13being formed-with shoulders -V 15 at the-topandbottom-tohold the'die sec'-` ftions"fromrlongitudinal .movement'and cap sc1'ewsf16 extend through lthe blocks 13V to hold thedie sections inA place. s Transversel g'ibsl'l extend into tlieblocks 13 andl into key-,ways 18 in `the blocks'll.

'lhe diesections 14 are formed with cylindricalrecesses'in their meeting faces `which atthe lowerend yare enlarged tothe" diameter of thefbushirug;toy beheld. 'Th'ej inner ram 1,9 carries the'punoh' 20 suspended axially-.over theanvil `and the. die sections a snug sliding-.fit therebyensuring-thementralizing'ofthe punch inrelati'ony to tlre bushing.. j Y

The :die sectionsj andtheiri supporting which connectfwith'ducts 22 in thebl'ocks '11 to V convey-a suitableflubrieant to"` the die. In the;Y operation of this device i thef'rams are both drawn upwardly. i Thel movement "14 are adapted to `close-'around the punch-in v Y ofthe outer ram dravvingupwardly swings` the links 5 lontheingpivotsand the blocks 1l: are caused to slide' outward in the: slide? wayski 10' thus`V drawing apart andV separating" 3 land ofthe centre punchl andthe lubricant Thebush'ngblank B which is preferably l a rough `castingis placed on top of the anvil eitherY manually or automatically as maybe outeryram,throughl the action of theflinks .95 Vdesired and theldofwnward movement'of the A5 moves theblockslll inwardly closing the c die sections f143con'centrically'around 'the punch and the' blank. 'The ,innerV ram 'then moves the punch v20 downwardly sol that rits inner end, which-isl preferably squared, en-V gages theblank, the opening'through which is' of less diameter than the punch.

y As then-blank and the centre punch areseY-J 'curely confined betweenthe walls of the-die the concentricity of fthe inner and outer Y Y wallsris ensured. Y v .1 The compressive force progressivelyap yplied by *the downward movement pffl the punch without a' cutting effect compresses the metal to a very great densityfand drags upon the metal soas to break down the natural cast crystalline formation to a. very.

considerabledepth, distorting and rearfrearranged structure. Y withdrawn Aby the operation of the Vinner ranging the structure soY as to create in the inner bearing surface the maximum quantity cf the amorphous binding material of the .metal structure and finally extruding the surplus metall from the bottom end of the die. 'A Y -f i Y f TheY punch being .formed Without vdecreased diameter beyond its entering'edge, after first compressingy the metal maintains the compression until. the entire body `is acted upon, consequently there can be no reactive expansion of the metal back of the compressing` edgeduring the inward :progress of the punch which would tend to relieve the pressure and thereby disrupt the The punch is then ram, following which the outer ram moves upwardly and the segmental die opens out and'releases the-iinished'bushing.

Y l'lhefeature of dividing the dies and movingv the sections thereof apart to release the finished 4bushing is the most essential elementlof this invention because if the bushing Vis treated cold and expanded into solid die it will seize and its removal in an economical manner is impossible' but when the die is opened up by the separation of the seg-y mental members'thereofthe bushing is released and falls to the bed from which it is recoveredin any suitable manner.

Theuse of an'apparatus such as described enables the formation of a bushing ina more accurate and much simpler and cheaper manner than has hitherto been accomplished. The metal is compressed to a remarkable de-V gree of hardness and uniformity o'fdimen-` sions is maintained;

What I claim as my invention is f 1.`Means for making bushings and th like comprising, Vthe combi-nation Ywith a press having a pair of reciprocating rams,

'of a punch carried byrone ram, a plurality by the other ram, means connected with the bed of the press adapted'to direct said die sections inwardly to encircle the punch and thc blank said punch being operated follow ing the closing of the dies around the blank, and means engaging the bottom end of the blank..` n Y 2. lnn'ieans for making bushings and the like, the'cen'ibinatien with a press having a pair of reciprocating rams, the outer ram Vof radially separable die sections supported Y having radial transverse guide-waystherein,

blocks slidably arranged in said guide-ways, links pivotally connected to said blocks and pivotally connected to fixed Pivots on theY f bed, a die formed in sections secured one to each of said movable blocks, said sections being closed togetherk byV the' downward movement of the Vram and adapted to coniine a bushing therebetween and. separated by they upward Y movement ofv the ram through said link connections,v and a punch connected with the inner ram and engaged vby said die when in its closed position lto guidefsaid punch centrally into the bushing confined thereby.

3. MeansV for making Vbushings and the JOHN wYcLniFEl LEIGHTON. 

